关于FLAC模拟地铁列车振动和地震的思考,以及quiet边界的应用问题
===关于FLAC模拟地铁列车振动和地震的思考,以及quiet边界的应用问题===地震——地震作用主要以加速度形式施加,也有时会以速度或应力的形式施加,但无论以何种形式施加地震波,地震波形都是一个绕0值平衡点振动的时间函数,即波形平均值为0;地震作用均施加在模型底部。于是可以很好地通过ff、nquiet、dquiet、squiet进行动力边界条件的设置。配以丰富的例子,地震的动力问题较好理解。
地铁振动——地铁列车振动作用主要以荷载(force)或应力(stress)形式施加,由于地铁列车有自重,以及要驶进驶出隧道(不同于纯机器振动),故列车荷载或应力函数的平均值不再为0,而是以列车自重M0为平均值的波形。地铁列车作用于模型中部隧道轨枕处。于是地铁列车振动问题就似乎较为复杂了。
但是,对于地铁振动应用quiet边界时,手册上有段话大家要特别注意:
1、If a fixed boundary is used while generating the static stress state, this boundary condition can be replaced by quiet boundaries; the boundary gridpoints will be freed, and the boundary reaction forces will be automatically calculated and maintained throughout the dynamic loading phase.(说出了quiet的工作方式)
2、However, care should be taken to avoid changes in static loading during the dynamic phase. For example, if a tunnel is excavated after quiet boundaries have been specified on the bottom boundary, the whole model will start to move upward.
This is because the total gravity force no longer balances the total reaction force at the bottom that was calculated when the boundary was changed to a quiet one.(quiet的这个特性使得flac模拟有变动的荷载的动力计算受到某些限制,比如列车驶进驶出隧道时隧道内作用荷载或为0,或是平均值为列车自重的振动函数,如果仅施加ff和quiet边界而不另加特别处理,模型必将发生整体向下移动!)
3、If a stress boundary condition is used during the static solution, a stress boundary condition of opposite sign must also be applied over the same boundary when the quiet boundary is applied for the dynamic phase. This will allow the correct reaction forces to be in place at the boundary for the dynamic calculation.(提出了一种情况的解决办法,在静力平衡时若采用的是应力边界,则在使用quiet边界后应加上相应的反力,但此法有局限,不适应于地铁列车振动问题,列车荷载是施加在模型中部的隧道底部且是平均值为列车自重的动载函数)
本人对此问题进行过思考和试算,如下:
1、模型四周采用ff边界,在底部采用nquiet、dquiet、squiet边界,所得隧道基土位移与时间的关系曲线如图111所示。可以看出,尽管列车经过后尚有所回弹,但模型整体下移了,否则仅仅列车作用不可能有那么大的下沉量。
http://pp.sohu.com/photo.jhtml?method=view&id=7760395&setid=1853484
2、模型四周采用ff边界,在底部采用fix z 边界,尽管知道不合理,但也进行尝试比较。因为手册这样说过“Note that the free-field boundary, shown in Figure 3.4, is not required if the only dynamic source is within the model”,于是想试试此时底部是否也可以不采用quiet边界呢?!所得隧道基土位移与时间的关系曲线如图222所示。此时所得隧道基土变形曲线似乎较合理,但是感觉理论上过不去,以及几乎完全回弹亦有些不合理。
http://pp.sohu.com/photo.jhtml?method=view&id=7760393&setid=1853484
3、曾打算在列车通过时在模型底边施加与列车自重M0相当的应力,待列车驶过后撤去侧底边荷载,如此反复。但是似乎不合理,因为列车荷载只作用与模型中部的隧道轨枕处,而另外施加的反作用力却是在模型底边。如果把此反作用力直接施加在隧道轨枕处,似乎亦不合理。
4、如果把应力函数按手册上的公式转换为速度或者加速度函数再施加,本人不敢确定合理不合理,因为应力函数里有项为列车自重,为常数项,就象对常数求导会损失常数项一样,故存在疑问。
以上的问题关键就在于,flac在动力计算过程中,当采用quiet边界后,模型中就不能再另外施加外力,否则整个模型就会沿外力方向移动。于是我在怀疑,flac能否解决上面所述的地铁列车振动问题。
不知理解有误否,烦请各位给我提出一些看法和解决方法,本人将不胜感激!谢谢!
注:下图中
图111为施加“ ff+底边quiet ”边界所得的隧道基土沉降与时间的关系曲线.
图222为仅施加“ ff ”边界(其实底边仍为fix)所得的隧道基土沉降与时间的关系曲线.
[ 本帖最后由 dfhmail 于 2006-6-25 10:13 编辑 ] hbt2008 发表于 2008-3-25 13:56
列车重力是静力应该在静力计算阶段考虑,不要把静力和动力混在一起。
我认为列车自重应该放在动力阶段,车在行驶过程中,连自重一起对路面造成振动。 最近Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics有一篇文章,可以去看看:
Dynamic analysis of train-bridge system subjected to non-uniform seismic excitations
He Xia 1 *, Yan Han 2, Nan Zhang 1, Weiwei Guo 1
1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2College of Architecture, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100041, China
email: He Xia (hxia@center.njtu.edu.cn hxia88@163.com) Funded by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant Number: 50478059
Keywords
bridge train earthquakes dynamic response running safety non-uniform seismic excitation
Abstract
Based on the theory of dynamic wheel-rail interactions, a dynamic model of coupled train-bridge system subjected to earthquakes is established, in which the non-uniform characteristics of the seismic wave input from different foundations are considered. The bridge model is based on the modal comprehension analysis technique. Each vehicle is modelled with 31 degrees of freedom. The seismic loads are imposed on the bridge by using the influence matrix and exerted on the vehicles through the dynamic wheel-rail interaction relationships. The normal wheel-rail interaction is tackled by using the Hertzian contact theory, and the tangent wheel-rail interaction by the Kalker linear theory and the Shen-Hedrick-Elkins theory. A computer code is developed. A case study is performed to a continuous bridge on the planned Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway in China. Through input of typical seismic waves with different propagation velocities to the train-bridge system, the histories of the train running through the bridge are simulated and the dynamic responses of the bridge and the vehicles are calculated. The influences of train speed and seismic wave propagation velocity on the dynamic responses of the bridge-vehicle system are studied. The critical train speeds are proposed for running safety on high-speed railway bridges under earthquakes of various intensities 好文章!
学习! 正在学习Dynamic anasys部分,参考 :victory: :victory: :victory: :victory: 你的理解是不正确的!列车行驶竖向加速度仍然是以0为基线的震动,不然车轨飞到太空或者沉入地核了。列车重力是静力应该在静力计算阶段考虑,不要把静力和动力混在一起。 qiang ren :) 这是我用3d算的一个小例子,附图中的是地铁隧道顶部的速度时程曲线,我列车菏载只加了1s,计算进行了4.5s,怎么速度到后来恒定了呢,应该被阻尼衰减为0啊,请高手指点 补个上面例子的加速度时程曲线~ 列车荷载还是忘记减去了:L 列车重力是静力应该在静力计算阶段考虑,不要把静力和动力混在一起。 做的很好。。。。。。 :victory: good work 好东西好东西 很有收获 :victory::victory::victory: 好文章
如何施加列车荷载
如何施加列车荷载
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